In ancient times, to describe seasonal patterns more precisely, people divided the solar terms into four groups—“Fen,” “Zhi,” “Qi,” and “Bi”—based on weather and phenology. Lixia, or the Start of Summer, belongs to the “Qi” group, signifying the beginning of summer. On this day, “when the Big Dipper points to the southeast, it is Lixia; all things by this time have grown large, hence the name Lixia.” After Lixia, temperatures begin to rise gradually, daylight increases, and thunderstorms become more frequent.
Regarding the Start of Summer, Wu Cheng of the Yuan dynasty explains in his “Collection and Explanation of the Seventy-two Seasonal Periods of the Monthly Ordinances” that “Summer means ‘to borrow’; by this time, all things have grown to their fullest extent.” In other words, by the day of the Start of Summer, spring plants have fully matured. Consequently, among the customs observed around the Start of Summer in the Jiangnan region is the practice known as “seeing three new things,” which involves eating fresh, tender produce that comes into season at this time. Typical examples of these “three new things” include cherries, broad beans, and bamboo shoots, though local variations may substitute them with green plums, wheat, or peas, depending on what is available.